¿¬¹æÀÇȸ¿¡¼ Á¦Á¤µÈ ¿¬¹æ¹ý·üÀº ÁÖÁ¦º°·Î ºÐ·ù (ÇöÀç Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Í±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ
55°³ÀÇ Title·Î ºÐ·ù)Çؼ United States Code (U.S.C.)·Î ÆíÂùÇÏ°í Àִµ¥,
±× Áß Æ¯Çã¹ýÀº title 35 (35 U.S.C.: Patents)¿¡ ÆíÂùµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ƯÇã¹ý¿¡¼ ½Å±Ô¼º (novelty)¿¡ °üÇÑ »çÇ×Àº Á¦ 102Á¶¿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î Àִµ¥
ƯÇã¹ý Á¦ 102Á¶´Â ¡°35 U.S.C. ¡×102¡±·Î Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ½ÃÇà±ÔÄ¢Àº ÀÔ¹ýºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ ±ÇÇÑÀ» À§ÀÓ¹Þ¾Æ °ü·Ã ÇàÁ¤Ã» (executive branch agencies)¿¡¼
Á¦Á¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ µû¶ó 50°³ÀÇ title·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.)·Î
ÆíÂùµÈ´Ù. ƯÇã¹ý °ü·Ã ½ÃÇà±ÔÄ¢Àº title 37 (37 C.F.R.: Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights)¿¡
±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹Æ¯Çã¹ý»ó¿¡¼ ƯÇã °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ë»óÀº Á¦ 101Á¶1)¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº 4°¡ÁöÀÇ Ä«Å×°í¸®·Î ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
1. ¹æ¹ý (Process)
2. ±â°è (Machine)
3. Á¦Ç° (Manufacture)
4. Á¶¼º¹° (Composition of matter)
Á¦ 101Á¶¿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÈ ´ë·Î À§ ´ë»ó ¸ðµÎ »õ·Ó°í À¯¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¸ç, À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ »õ·Ó°í
À¯¿ëÇÑ °³·®(improvement)µµ ƯÇã´ë»óÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Á¦ 100Á¶ (b) 2) ¿¡¼´Â "Process"°¡ °øÁ¤(process),
±â¼ú (art), ¶Ç´Â ¹æ¹ý (method)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, °øÁöÀÇ ¹æ¹ý, ±â°è, Á¦Ç°, Á¶¼º¹° ¶Ç´Â ¹°ÁúÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿ëµµ¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î ¿ëµµ ¹ß¸íÀÌ ¹æ¹ý¹ß¸í¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ºÒƯÇã ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼¼°¡Áö Áï,
ÀÚ¿¬ ¹ýÄ¢ (laws of nature), ¹°¸®Àû Çö»ó (physical phenomena), ¹× Ãß»óÀû ¹ß»ó (abstract idea)ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¸ðµç Àηù°¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô °øÀ¯ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ´ë»óÀÌ¸ç °³ÀÎÀÌ µ¶Á¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ.
À§ ¼¼°¡Áö ¿¹¿Ü´Â ƯÇã¹ý(35 U.S.C.)¿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ´ë¹ý¿øÀÇ ÆǷʵîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© È®¸³µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, ÀÎü(human organism)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀΠƯÇã, ¶Ç´Â ÀÎü¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴ ƯÇã´Â ºÒ°¡Çϸç,
¿øÀڷ¹ý (Atomic Energy Act)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿øÀÚ·Â ¹«±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Æ¯Á¤ ÇÙ ¹°Áú ¶Ç´Â ÇÙ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î
È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹ß¸íÀº ƯÇã ´ë»óÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¼öÇаø½ÄÀ̳ª ¾Ë°í¸®µë ±× ÀÚü, ±×¸®°í Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â »õ·Î¿î ±¤¹°,
¾ß»ý¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â »õ·Î¿î ½Ä¹° µîµµ ƯÇã°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ´Â À§¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ƯÇãÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¹ß¸íÀ̾î¾ß ÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
Á¦ 101Á¶¿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÈ ´ë·Î ƯÇã¹ý¿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÈ ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä±¸Á¶°ÇµéÀ» Ãß°¡·Î ¸¸Á·ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Ãß°¡Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î´Â ½Å±Ô¼º (Novelty; 35 U.S.C. ¡×102), ºñÀÚ¸í¼º (Non-obviousness; 35 U.S.C. ¡×103),
¹× ¸í¼¼¼ ±âÀç¿ä°Ç (Requirements for Specification; 35 U.S.C. ¡×112) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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1) 35 U.S.C. 101 Inventions patentable.
Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture,
or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor,
subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.
2) 35 U.S.C. 100 Definitions.
(b)The term "process" means process, art, or method, and includes a new use of a known
process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or material.