ƯÇã¿ä°Ç ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ¡®½Å±Ô¼º(novelty)¡¯ Àº ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹ß¸íÀÌ ±âÁ¸¿¡ °ø°³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿ï °ÍÀ»
¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ƯÇã¹ý Àû¿ëÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϸé, Ãâ¿ø¹ß¸íÀÇ Å¬·¹ÀÓ¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ °¢°¢ÀÇ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò°¡
´ÜÀÏ ¼±ÇàÀÚ·á¿¡¼ °³½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±× Ŭ·¹ÀÓÀº '¿¹°ß(anticipation)' µÈ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸç, À̶§ ±× Ŭ·¹ÀÓÀº
¡®½Å±Ô¼º(novelty)¡¯À» ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â¼´Â ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ¿ä°ÇÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¡®½Å±Ô¼º¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ü·Ã ±ÔÁ¤ÀΠƯÇã¹ý Á¦ 102 Á¶1)
(35 U.S.C. ¡× 102)¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캻´Ù.
ƯÇã¹ý Á¦ 102Á¶´Â (a) - (g)Ç×À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Å©°Ô º¸¸é '¹ýÁ¤ ƯÇã±Ç Á¦ÇÑ(statutory bar)'°ú
¡®½Å±Ô¼º(novelty)¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ°¡Áö ³»¿ëÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
(b), (d)Ç×Àº ¹ß¸íÀÚ°¡ ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¹ýÁ¤ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¹ß¸íÀÇ Ãâ¿ø³¯Â¥ (filing date)¿Í
¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â, (b)Ç×Àº ¹Ì±¹ ƯÇãÃâ¿øÀÏÀÇ 1³â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±× ¹ß¸íÀÌ ±¹³»¿Ü¿¡¼ ƯÇ㠶Ǵ °£Ç๰¿¡
±âÀçµÇ¾ú°Å³ª, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ °ø¿ë(public use)µÇ°Å³ª ÆÇ¸ÅµÈ °æ¿ì ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
(d)Ç×Àº ¹Ì±¹Æ¯ÇãÃâ¿øÀÏÀÇ 12°³¿ù Àü¿¡ Á¦ÃâµÈ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ Æ¯Çã Ãâ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì±¹Æ¯ÇãÃâ¿øÀÏ Àü¿¡ ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼
ƯÇ㸦 Çã¿© ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì ¹Ì±¹Æ¯Ç㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
(c)Ç×Àº ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¹ß¸íÀ» À¯±âÇÑ °æ¿ì, (f)Ç×Àº ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ±× ƯÇã´ë»óÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î
¹ß¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÔÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¡®½Å±Ô¼º¡¯°ú °ü·ÃµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀº (a), (e), ±×¸®°í (g)Ç׿¡ ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¹ß¸íÀÚÀÇ ¹ß¸í³¯Â¥
(invention date)¿Í ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
(a)Ç×Àº Ãâ¿øÀÎÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀü¿¡ ±× ¹ß¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾Ë·ÁÁ³°Å³ª »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°Å³ª, ¶Ç´Â ±¹³»¿Ü¿¡¼
ƯÇãµÇ¾ú°Å³ª °£Ç๰¿¡ ±âÀçµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ (e)Ç×Àº (1) Ãâ¿øÀÎÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀü¿¡ ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ƯÇãÃâ¿øµÇ¾î °ø°³µÈ ƯÇãÃâ¿ø, ¶Ç´Â (2) Ãâ¿øÀÎÀÇ
¹ß¸íÀü¿¡ ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ƯÇãÃâ¿øµÇ¾î µî·ÏµÈ ƯÇã¿¡ ±âÀçµÈ ¹ß¸íÀÎ °æ¿ì, ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» °¢°¢
±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÈ÷ (g)Ç×Àº ´©°¡ ¸ÕÀú ¼±¹ß¸íÀڷμÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °¡¸¦ µûÁö´Â 'ÀúÃË(interference)' ÀýÂ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹ß¸íÀÏÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ¶§´Â ¹ß¸íÀ» ½ÇüÈÇÑ ³¯(date of reduction to practice)°ú Âø»óÇÑ ³¯ (date of conception)À»
°í·ÁÇϸç, Âø»óÇÑ ³¯À» ¹ß¸íÀÏ·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ±â À§Çؼ´Â ¹ß¸íÀÚ°¡ Âø»óÇÑ ³¯·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÇüÈÇÑ ³¯±îÁö 'ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ³ë·Â
(reasonable diligence)'À» ±â¿ï¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©¾ß ÇÔÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
'½Å±Ô¼º'À» ÆÇ´ÜÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ '¿¹°ß'°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì ¹ý¿øÀº '¼±Çà±â¼úÀÌ ´ë»ó¹ß¸íº¸´Ù ÈÄ¿¡
¹ß¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿´À»¶§, ±× ¼±Çà±â¼úÀÌ ´ë»ó ¹ß¸íÀ» ħÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é ¿¹°ßµÈ´Ù ("That which infringes,
if later, would anticipate, if earlier.")'´Â ÆǴܱâÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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1) 35 U.S.C ¡× 102 Conditions for patentability; nov¬elty and loss of right to patent.
A person shall be entitled to a patent unless —
(a)the invention was known or used by others in this country, or patented or described in a printed
publication in this or a foreign country, before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent, or
(b)the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use
or on sale in this country, more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent
in the United States, or
(c)he has abandoned the invention, or
(d)the invention was first patented or caused to be patented, or was the subject of an inventor¡¯s certificate,
by the applicant or his legal representatives or assigns in a foreign country prior to the date of the application
for patent in this country on an application for patent or inventor¡¯s certificate filed more than twelve months
before the filing of the application in the United States, or
(e)the invention was described in — (1) an application for patent, published under section 122(b),
by another filed in the United States before the invention by the applicant for patent or
(2) a patent granted on an application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention
by the applicant for patent, except that an international application filed under the treaty defined in section 351(a)
shall have the effects for the purposes of this subsection of an application filed in the United States only
if the international application designated the United States and was published under Article 21(2) of such treaty
in the English language; or
(f)he did not himself invent the subject matter sought to be patented, or
(g)(1)during the course of an interference conducted under section 135 or section 291, another inventor involved
therein establishes, to the extent permitted in section 104, that before such person¡¯s invention
thereof the invention
was made by such other inventor and not abandoned, suppressed, or concealed, or (2) before such person¡¯s
invention thereof, the invention was made in this country by another inventor who had not abandoned,
suppressed, or concealed it. In determining priority of invention under this subsection, there shall be considered
not only the respective dates of conception and reduction to practice of the invention, but also
the reasonable diligence of one who was first to conceive and last to reduce to practice, from a time
prior to conception by the other.