¡®ºñÀÚ¸í¼º(non-obviousness)¡¯ ¿ä°ÇÀº ¾Õ¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ ¡®À¯¿ë¼º (utility),¡¯ ¡®½Å±Ô¼º (novelty),¡¯ ¡®¸í¼¼¼ ±âÀç¿ä°Ç¡¯µî°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ƯÇã¿ä°ÇµéÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÑ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±× û±¸¹ß¸íÀÌ Æ¯Ç㸦 ÅëÇØ ¹èŸÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ´Â »ç¼ÒÇÑ Á¤µµ ÀÌ»óÀÇ
Áøº¸¼ºÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Âü°í·Î, Çѱ¹À̳ª À¯·´Àº ¹Ì±¹Æ¯Çã¹ýÀÇ ¡®ºñÀÚ¸í¼º (non-obviousness)¡¯°ú À¯»çÇÑ Æ¯Çã¿ä°ÇÀ¸·Î
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¿©±â¼´Â °¡Àå ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ µÇ´Â ƯÇã ¿ä°ÇÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¡®ºñÀÚ¸í¼º (non-obviousness)¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ü·Ã ±ÔÁ¤ÀΠƯÇã¹ý Á¦ 103 Á¶ (35 U.S.C. ¡× 103)¿Í ÁÖ¿ä ÆǷʵéÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캻´Ù.
ƯÇã¹ý Á¦ 103Á¶ (a) 1)´Â 'ÀÚ¸í¼º(obviousness)'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÁØÀ» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ±× ³»¿ëÀº Á¦ 102Á¶¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ Ã»±¸¹ß¸íÀÌ ¼±Çà±â¼ú°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °³½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹ß¸íÀÌ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÏ¿´À»¶§ ¼±Çà±â¼ú°úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¹ß¸í´ç½Ã¿¡ ¡®±× ±â¼úºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ Åë»óÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» °¡ÁøÀÚ (a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter pertains)¡¯¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¸íÇÏ´Ù¸é ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ÀÚ¸í¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀº û±¸µÈ ¹ß¸í°ú ¼±Çà±â¼úÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, Ưº°È÷ û±¸¹ß¸íÀ» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, 3MÀÇ 'Post-It'ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±× ±¸¼ºÀ» »ìÆì º¸¸é ÀÏÁ¤ Å©±âÀÇ Á¾ÀÌ(element A)¿Í ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¢Âø·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â
Á¢ÂøÁ¦(element B)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ±× ±¸¼ºÀ» ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ µû·Î º¸¸é ÀÌ¹Ì ¼±Çà±â¼ú¿¡¼ °³½ÃµÈ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÚ¸íÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ±× ¹ß¸íÀ» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¸é ƯÇ㸦 ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î Á¶ÇÕÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÚ¸í¼ºÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿¹´Â ºñÀÚ¸í¼º ¿ä°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÆÇ´ÜÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ Ã»±¸¹ß¸íÀ» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
ºñÀÚ¸í¼º ¿ä±¸Á¶°Ç°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÆÇ·Ê ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ Graham v. John Deere Co. (383 U.S. 1) (1966)¿¡¼ ¹Ì ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ºñÀÚ¸í¼º ÆÇ´ÜÀ» À§Çؼ´Â (1) ¼±Çà±â¼úÀÇ ¹üÀ§¿Í ³»¿ëÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, (2) ¼±Çà±â¼ú°ú ÇöÀç ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ°í Àִ û±¸Ç×µé°úÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ°í, (3) ÇØ´ç±â¼ú¿¡¼ÀÇ Åë»óÀÇ ±â¼ú¼öÁØÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÆǽÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ¡®»ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ ¼º°ø (commercial success),¡¯ ¡®Àå±â°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÇØ°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ä±¸ (long felt unsolved needs),¡¯ ±×¸®°í
¡®Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ (failure of others)¡¯µî°ú °°Àº ¡®ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀÎ °í·Á¿ä¼Ò (secondary consideration)¡¯°¡ ºñÀÚ¸í¼ºÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇϴµ¥ °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÆǽÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î ¹ß¸íÀº ±âÁ¸¿¡ °³½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Á¶ÇÕÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ƯÇã¹ý»ó¿¡¼ ÀÚ¸í¼º ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ¶§ À̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô °í·ÁÇÒÁö°¡ °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿î ºÎºÐÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì ¿¬¹æ Ç×¼Ò¹ý¿øÀº ºñÀÚ¸í¼º ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼ÒÀ§ ¡®TSM (Teaching, Suggestion, Motivation)¡¯
Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ Ã»±¸µÈ ¹ß¸íÀÌ °³½ÃÇÏ´Â Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¼±Çà±â¼úÀÌ ½Ã»ç(teaching), À¯ÀÎ(suggestion) ¶Ç´Â µ¿±â(motivation)¸¦
Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ°¡ ºñÀÚ¸í¼º ÆÇ´ÜÀ» Á¿ìÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½ÉÀ̶ó´Â ÆǴܱâÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ì ´ë¹ý¿øÀº 2007³â¿¡ °áÁ¤ÇÑ KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (550 U.S. 398) ÆǷʸ¦ ÅëÇØ ºñÀÚ¸í¼ºÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¡®TSM¡¯ Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëÇؼ´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ¼³»ç ¼±Çà±â¼ú¿¡¼ ½Ã»ç, À¯ÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â µ¿±â¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ Åë»óÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» °¡ÁøÀÚÀÇ '»ó½Ä(common sense)'¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÏ¿´À»¶§ û±¸¹ß¸íÀÌ ¿¹°ß °¡´ÉÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±× ¹ß¸íÀÌ ÀÚ¸íÇÏ´Ù°í ÆǽÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ºñÀÚ¸í¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆÇ´Ü ±âÁØÀ» ³ôÀÎ ÀÌ ÆÇ°áÀÇ °á°ú·Î, ¹Ì±¹Æ¯Çãû ½É»ç¿¡¼ ºñÀÚ¸í¼ºÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÇÑ °ÅÀýÀÌ Áõ°¡µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ¸ç, ÀáÀçÀû ƯÇãħÇØÀÚµéÀÇ Æ¯Ç㹫ȿ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ´õ ¿ëÀÌÇØ Á³´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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1) 35 U.S.C ¡× 103 Conditions for patentability; non-obvious subject matter.
(a)A patent may not be obtained though the invention is not identically disclosed or described as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the subject matter sought to be patented and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a whole would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which said subject matter pertains. Patentability shall not be negatived by the manner in which the invention was made.